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Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become one of the most prominent technologies of the 21st century, and its impact on various industries has been enormous. AI refers to the development of computer systems that can perform tasks that would normally require human intelligence, such as learning, reasoning, perception, and decision making. AI has the potential to transform the way we live, work, and interact with technology. There are several different types of AI, including: Reactive machines: These are AI systems that can react to certain types of inputs but do not have memory or the ability to use past experiences to inform future decisions. Limited memory: These systems have the ability to use past experiences to inform future decisions, such as self-driving cars that use data from previous trips to improve their driving. Theory of mind: This refers to the ability of AI systems to understand the emotions and intentions of other entities, such as humans or other AI systems. Self-aware: ...

INDIAN GEOGRAPHY LOCATION : ● Entirely located in the northern hemisphere , in Asia Continent. ● India is 7th Largest Country in world with 2.4% area of world. ● Latitude : 8°4’N and 37°6’N ● Longitudes : 68°7’E and 97°25’E o The latitudinal and longitudinal extent of the mainland is about 30°. About Boundary of India : (UPSC 2015, 2018 PRE ) ● India has land boundary of about 15,200 km o The Northern most point – Indira Col ( Ladakh UT) o Southern most point - Pygmalion Point or Indira Point is located at 6° 45′ N latitude. o Eastern most point – Kibithu In Arunachal Pradesh o Western Most point – Ghaur Moti ( Gujrat ) ● The total length of the coastline of the mainland, including Andaman and Nicobar and Lakshadweep, is 7,516.6 km. About Time Zone : ● The 82°30’ E is the standard meridian passing through Mirzapur( Uttar Pradesh ) is Standard time zone of India. ● This meridian passes through – o Uttar Pradesh o Madhya Pradesh o Chhattisgarh o Odisha o Andhra Pradesh ●...

The Constitution of India, enacted in 1950, has been the cornerstone of India’s democracy. After its enactment it has undergone several amendments. The Supreme Court is the ultimate interpreter of the Constitution and, by its creative and innovative interpretation, has been the protector of our constitutional rights and fundamental freedom. These judgements are to be appreciated not only as precedents, but also as having laid down the law on issues of paramount importance—law that is binding on all courts and authorities in the country. Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973) Main theme: Propagating the ‘basic structure’ doctrine as a safeguard against the usurpation of the Constitution. It was unique for the reason that it brought a shift in the balance of democratic power. Earlier judgements had taken a stand that Parliament could amend even the fundamental rights through a proper legislative process. But the present case held that Parliament can not amend or alter the fundamen...

                  MODAL AUXILLARY VERBS  Modals are helping verbs  Used with the base form of the verb, modals create verbal phrases.  Modals do not change form.  Modals never end in “s” even in 3rd person singular  Use “not” to make modal verbs negative.  Don’t use double modals.  Modals lack past tense forms, except could and would which serve as the past of can and will.   Can    present ability – I can ride a bike.  opportunity – She can help you learn to ride a bike, when she is finished studying.  permission – Can I try to ride the bike now? possibility and conditional – Anyone can learn to ride a bike, if they are not afraid to try.  request – Can you teach me to ride a bike?  willingness – I can teach you. Could  past ability – I could ride a bike when I was younger. conditional – He could learn to ride a two wheeler, if his father removes the training wheels. possibility – Bill could be ...

      THE OPPOSITE OF SUCCESS IS LEARN        _______________________________________ " Failure is not the opposite of success but    its actually the part of success" Success and failures are fatal in life.Success and failure comes in life like the undulation movement of waves.Often we lose many times but we also attain victory, But the most important perspective should be not giving up, no matter what the condition would be.We should be worthy of becoming successful.Life takes many tough turns in which the failures taught us the most valuable lessons.Failures are very necessary in life, because failure introduces the world, the people and your all loved ones to you while as the success introduces yourself to the world.Enjoying after being successful is common but loving and standing with yourself after being a failure is very rare.Often after failure we get depressed and wants to get disappeared from everyone but its the actual time when y...

isomers   are the structurally different compounds but having same chemical formula and the property of elements to form isomers is known as isomerism. For example,  Carbon has a large number of isomers.